Numerous patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures have been developed to assess similar health concepts. Typically, scores between measures cannot be compared.

PROsetta Stone provides tables that convert scores between two different measures.

PROsetta Stone tables enable clinicians and investigators to:

·       Synthesize research findings that utilize different measures

·       Easily transition between measures in clinical practice

·       Map known clinical score cut points from one measure to another

The PRO Rosetta Stone (PROsetta Stone®) developed and applied methods to link the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) with other related measures (e.g., SF-36, Brief Pain Inventory, CES-D, MASQ, FACIT-Fatigue) to expand the range of PRO assessment options within a common, standardized metric. The resulting tables provide equivalent scores between PROMIS and other scales that measure the same health concept. 

1. Score the non-PROMIS measure using the standard scoring conventions for the measure. For example, for the PHQ-9, sum raw scores on all items to produce a total score.

2. Find the PROsetta Stone table that includes the non-PROMIS measure (e.g., PROMIS Depression and PHQ-9 Linking Table).

3. Find your non-PROMIS measure score in the table and “walk across” to identify its corresponding PROMIS score. For example, a PHQ-9 = 18 total score corresponds to a PROMIS Depression T-score = 69.2 (SE = 3.2).

4. Calculate a confidence interval if desired. The formula for a 95% CI, is T-score + (1.96*SE). In this example, a PHQ-9 score of 18 is approximately equivalent to a PROMIS Depression T-score of 69.2 with a 95% CI of (62.9,75.4). This means that there is a 95% probability that a PHQ-9 score of 18 corresponds to a PROMIS Depression T-score between 62.9 and 75.4. Confidence intervals facilitate the interpretation of T-score precision.

5. Repeat steps 1-3 (and 4 if desired) for every score in your dataset. We do not recommend converting only the mean score of the non-PROMIS measure in your dataset when the individual patient-level scores are available.

6. Report summary statistics (such as mean and SD) on the newly converted PROMIS metric when writing scientific reports, but be sure to name the original non-PROMIS measure, the PROSetta Stone table used, and the associated publication, if applicable.

In some cases, the direction of scores between two measures is reversed (e.g., high scores are good on one measure and bad on another measure). You do not need to change the direction of scores; the tables take these directional differences into account. Each report has a paragraph that clarifies the score direction of each measure.

New PROsetta Stone Tables

• PROMIS Global Health and PROMIS Domains Linking Tables

• PROMIS Psychological Stress Experiences–Pediatric and PSS4 and PSS10 Linking Tables and Report

• PROMIS Physical Function and SARC-F Linking Table and Report

• PROMIS Physical Function, Pain Interference, Pain Intensity and RMDQ Linking Linear Regression Equations and Report

• PROMIS Physical Function, Pain Interference, Pain Intensity and ODI Linear Regression Conversion Equations and Report

• PROMIS Pediatric Anxiety and RCADS-25 Anxiety Linking Table and Report

• PROMIS Pediatric Depression and RCADS-25 Depression Linking Table and Report

• PROMIS Cognitive Function and AM-PAC Cognition Linking Table and Report

• PROMIS Upper Extremity/Physical Function and AM-PAC Mobility Linking Table

• HOOS-PS and PROMIS Physical Function Linking Table and Report

• KOOS-ADL and PROMIS Physical Function Linking Table and Report

• KOOS-PS and PROMIS Physical Function Linking Table and Report

New Publications

• Hardouin, J. B., Coste, J., Leplège, A., & Rouquette, A. (2024). Equating and linking Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-item questionnaire and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey domains using Rasch modeling. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 169, 111326. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111326

• Mansolf, M., Blackwell, C. K., Lai, J.-S., & Cella, D. (2023). Linking the Perceived Stress Scale to the PROMIS Psychological Stress Experiences–Pediatric in adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 35(10), 888–894. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001256

• Tang, X., Chapman, R. S., Peipert, J. D., & Cella, D. (2023). Establishing a common metric for physical function: Linking SARC-F and PROMIS® physical function. Journal of geriatric oncology, 14(8), 101622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101622

• Tang, X., Schalet, B. D., Janulis, P., Kipke, M. D., Kaat, A., Mustanski, B., ... & Gorbach, P. M. (2022). Can a linking crosswalk table be applied to a different population? An independent validation study for a crosswalk between BSI depression and PROMIS depression scales. Plos one, 17(11), e0278232.

• Schalet, B. D., Lim, S., Cella, D., & Choi, S. W. (2021) Linking Scores with Patient-Reported Health Outcome Instruments: A VALIDATION STUDY AND COMPARISON OF THREE LINKING METHODS. Psychometrika 86, 717–746 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-021-09776-z.

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