The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is one of the most widely used scales to measure mood or emotion. This brief scale is comprised of 20 items, with 10 items measuring positive affect (e.g., excited, inspired) and 10 items measuring negative affect (e.g., upset, afraid). Each item is rated on a five-point Likert Scale, ranging from "1 = Very Slightly or Not at all" to "5 = Extremely", to measure the extent to which the affect has been experienced in a specified time frame. The PANAS was designed to measure affect in various contexts, such as at the present moment, the past day, week, or year, or in general (on average). Thus, the scale can be used to measure state affect, dispositional or trait affect, emotional fluctuations throughout a specific period of time, or emotional responses to events.